Journal: Journal of Water and Environment Technology

Article Title: Disinfection Using Pressurized Carbon Dioxide Microbubbles to Inactivate Escherichia coli, Bacteriophage MS2 and T4

doi: 10.2965/jwet.2013.497

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 - Inactivation effect of pressurized CO2 (0.7 MPa) against E. coli over time. Initial concentrations: 105 – 106 CFU/mL. Each line shows average measurements based on three replicates of the experiment. The error bars represent the standard deviation from the mean.

Article Snippet: MATERIALS AND METHODS Microorganism preparation and enumeration Escherichia coli (ATCC 11303) from stock cultures (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA) was propagated in flasks containing 100 mL Luria-Bertani (LB) broth media (Wako Chemical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and incubated at 37°C with continuous shaking for 16 – 18 h at 150 rpm.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Journal of Water and Environment Technology

Article Title: Disinfection Using Pressurized Carbon Dioxide Microbubbles to Inactivate Escherichia coli, Bacteriophage MS2 and T4

doi: 10.2965/jwet.2013.497

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 - Inactivation effect of CO2, N2O, the compressed air adjusted with 0.1 M HCl and CO2 with PBS buffer against bacteriophage MS2 at 0.7 MPa. Initial concentrations: 107 – 109 PFU/mL. Operating temperature: –22.0 ± 0.2°C. The dotted lines demonstrate the pH change: (■) CO2, (▲) Air + HCl, (▼) CO2 + Buffer, (●) N2O. Each of the four solid lines show average measurements based on three replicates of the experiment. The error bars represent the standard deviation from the mean. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study open a number of new avenues for further research investigating the application of CO2 to water and wastewater disinfection. Furthermore, the data presented here provide a greater understanding of the correlation of the effects of changes in pH caused by pressurized CO2 and those of other acidic disinfectants on microbial inhibition. A pressure of 0.7 MPa was found be effective for the inactivation of E. coli, T4 and MS2 in distilled water at 20°C – 25°C. While these initial findings are promising, further investigations of CO2 treatment on real wastewater and environmental water samples are necessary. REFERENCES Ballestra P., Abreu Da Silva A. and Cuq J. -L. (1996) Inactivation of Escherichia coli by carbon dioxide under pressure. J. Food Sci., 61(4), 829-831. Cheng X., Imai T., Teeka J., Yamaguchi J., Hirose M., Higuchi T. and Sekine M. (2011) Inactivation of Escherichia coli and bacteriophage T4 by high levels of dissolved CO2. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 90(4), 1493-1500. Damar S. and Balaban M. O. (2006) Review of dense phase CO2 technology: Microbial and enzyme inactivation, and effects on food quality. J. Food. Sci., 71(1), R1-R11. Debartolomeis J. and Cabelli V. J. (1991) Evaluation of an Escherichia coli host strain

Article Snippet: MATERIALS AND METHODS Microorganism preparation and enumeration Escherichia coli (ATCC 11303) from stock cultures (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA) was propagated in flasks containing 100 mL Luria-Bertani (LB) broth media (Wako Chemical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and incubated at 37°C with continuous shaking for 16 – 18 h at 150 rpm.

Techniques: Standard Deviation, Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Local Bacteriophage Delivery for Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Infections

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.538060

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of biopolymers used for bacteriophage embedding.

Article Snippet: Phage delivery for internal medicine , Liposomes containing: ∙ DSCP phospholipids ∙ Cholesterol , S. aureus phage K ATCC 1985-B1 and E. coli phage ATCC 11303-B3 , In vitro , Liposomes were fabricated using microfluidic hydrodynamic flow focusing, with a phage load of ∼10 8 PFU/mL , Encapsulation in liposomes offered limited protection against acidic environments, with a 3log 10 reduction of phage. , Not assessed , .

Techniques: Viscosity, In Vitro, Incubation, Control, Preserving, In Vivo, Ex Vivo, Bacteria, CRISPR, Modification, Cream

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Local Bacteriophage Delivery for Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Infections

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.538060

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the use of synthetic polymers for bacteriophage embedding.

Article Snippet: Phage delivery for internal medicine , Liposomes containing: ∙ DSCP phospholipids ∙ Cholesterol , S. aureus phage K ATCC 1985-B1 and E. coli phage ATCC 11303-B3 , In vitro , Liposomes were fabricated using microfluidic hydrodynamic flow focusing, with a phage load of ∼10 8 PFU/mL , Encapsulation in liposomes offered limited protection against acidic environments, with a 3log 10 reduction of phage. , Not assessed , .

Techniques: In Vitro, Encapsulation, Preserving, Isolation, Activity Assay, In Vivo, Dispersion, Incubation, Infection, Formulation, Control, Adhesive

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Local Bacteriophage Delivery for Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Infections

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.538060

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the use of liposomes for bacteriophage encapsulation.

Article Snippet: Phage delivery for internal medicine , Liposomes containing: ∙ DSCP phospholipids ∙ Cholesterol , S. aureus phage K ATCC 1985-B1 and E. coli phage ATCC 11303-B3 , In vitro , Liposomes were fabricated using microfluidic hydrodynamic flow focusing, with a phage load of ∼10 8 PFU/mL , Encapsulation in liposomes offered limited protection against acidic environments, with a 3log 10 reduction of phage. , Not assessed , .

Techniques: Liposomes, Encapsulation, In Vitro, Homogenization, In Vivo, Control, Infection, Labeling, Marker, Bacteria, Emulsion, Confocal Microscopy